The Trial Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Trial - Research Paper Example Population distribution In the 20th century both the number and distribution of Bornean orangutan has reduced tremendously to over 50% because of human activities that include unsustainable illegal logging, clearance of forests to provide land for agricultural purposes, hunting and mining. Large percentage of orangutans are currently found in Kalimantan because of the area has extensive forests still in existence. (Munn,63-65) Impact of humans activities on ecosystem Loss and degradation of orangutan Habitat The loss of habitat is the main threat to the survival of orangutan. For example, in Kalimantan, a large area of the forest has been cleared to create land for mega rice projects that have tremendously destroyed orangutan habitat. The situation is further worsened by the fact that even habitat in protected areas are vanishing at a high rate because of unclear delineation of the boundaries making it difficult to patrol. (Munn,59-62) Collateral damage a) Spread of fire b)hunting an d c) human-animal conflict. Hunting In south East Asia orangutans are hunted for meat and surplus hunt sold on pet market especially in most interior areas of Borneo. These because they can not run faster like other animals and therefore they are easily targeted by hunters even form a distance. This has resulted in the decline of the number of orangutan. This has been the main cause of low density of orangutans in the low hill forests especially areas around pawan river in the western Kalimantan) and katingan and basito river (central Kalimantan). The scale of hunting is increased because of forest fires which drive them away out of the forests where they are easily captured either for meat or sale in the pet markets. Furthermore, hunting is aggravated by destruction of forests either for timber or to create land for agricultural purposes. The forest is a source for food for orangutan and their destruction forces orangutan to venture out of the forests into the surrounding agricultu ral land destroying food crops and also acting as pests. Local people respond intolerantly to these apes by either shooting or poisoning them and taking the young orangutan which are either sold or slaughtered for meat.(Knott, 429-57) Conflict with human Orangutans are also killed when they move into farming land to destroy food crops. This happens when climatic conditions are adverse and the food available in the forest is less and hardly accessible. In addition, when the habitat of orangutan is destroyed either by fire or clearance of the forest where they dwell, they are forced to move to open field to look for food in agricultural farms where they are killed as to they are also regarded as pests The orangutans’ loss can also be attributed to Climate change. A great drought that preceded El Nino in 1998 had a negative impact on the survival of orangutan has it led to the great fire that destroyed a large portion of the forest cover in Sothern Asia. In the process, thousand s of orangutan was killed and it’s approximated that, over30% of orangutan in Borneo were destroyed by great forest fires in the last decade. Economic and political stability also played great role in the reduction of orangutan in south East Asia. Financial crisis and violent demonstration that led to the resignation of Suharto culminated into mass anarchy and political instability that increased both logging and poaching. In addition,

The Victorian world does Dickens evoke in the novel Essay Example for Free

The Victorian world does Dickens evoke in the novel Essay What sort of a picture of the Victorian world does Dickens evoke in the novel? The first experience of Pips that Dickens shares with us is his first encounter with Magwitch, an escaped convict bound with those infamous iron chains around his legs that haunt Pip for an extensive part of the novel. It appears that there was a lot of criminal activity around at that time, and crime plays a large part in the novel right from the first chapter. To account for all the offences there were many penalties. Pip not only faces tickler as his punishment at home repeatedly, but he is then terrified of being found out about stealing from Mrs Gargery by the police, because of the threat of the consequences. Though his punishment would not have been as severe as his imagination would invent, the possible punishments for people in that period must have scared him immensely. He was always very aware of the Hulks near him (because of the gunshots), and he most likely knew about transportation and execution, as well as the threats that he had been given by Magwitch before, which could easily torment a young boy with a guilty conscience. I fully expected to find a Constable in the kitchen, waiting to take me up. When Pip arrives in London, we then see how execution was far more common than nowadays and that it was more of an accepted punishment, and even a publicly open event. In the novel there are also references to the gallows, hanging and whipping; all done explicitly, for spectators too. Even Pip is shocked when he finds out about this. This was horrible, and gave me a sickening idea of London Once Pip meets Jaggers, we see breaches in the whole system of justice as, if you have the money, it seems that you can often buy your innocence, especially when someone like Jaggers is prepared and unashamed to concoct lies and change the evidence for someone in court, just to win the case. This unfair system gave an inequitable benefit to the wealthy and made it almost impossible for a lower class and poorer citizen to be proven innocent, and more obviously, it made it impossible to determine true justice in a case. Victorian society was very money orientated and materialistic, and I imagine that Dickens himself was very cynical about the structure of ones life depending on your wealth, background, property and possessions. It worked out that the rich had endless advantages over the poor they were able to get better education, jobs, respect and status. Further more, as you were almost certainly given a higher opinion the wealthier you were, better services would be have been offered to those, and again they would, without hesitation, be given priority over the poor in any circumstance. The poor were more often than not very badly educated, and from the novel we can see that Joe was illiterate which was common for others like him. When Pip lived at the forge, he was only tutored very basically by Biddy. I struggled through the alphabet as if it had been a bramble-bush; getting considerably worried and scratched by every letter.

King of the Delta Blues Singers: Robert Johnson Essay -- essays papers

King of the Delta Blues Singers: Robert Johnson The life of Robert Johnson, one of the most influential early blues artists, in shrouded by vague details and encompassed in mystery. His emotion filled playing and singing blends to form some of the most moving, original blues music ever produced. Ironically, despite being one of the top influences to blues music, little is known about the shy, mild mannered bluesman. "Almost nothing, is known about his life†¦ he is only a name on a few recordings." Where did he come from? Who was Johnson’s family. Who inspired Robert to play the blues and who influenced his music? Who exactly was Robert Johnson? Only the vague recollections of his friends and family link us to the mysterious life of Robert Johnson. From these accounts the story of Robert Johnson is brought to life, and the events which fueled his powerful music are pieced together. Robert Johnson was born on May eighth, 1911, in the heart of the Mississippi Delta. Robert was the eleventh child born to Mrs. Julia Dodds. Robert’s mother described little Robert as a playful little boy, who "Always used to be listenin, listenin to the wind or the chickens cluckin in the backyard or me, when I’d be singin round the house. And he just love church†¦ Little Robert set on my lap and try to keep time, look like, or hold on to my skirt and sort of jig up and down and laugh and laugh." (Lomax, 14) Thus, Robert was first introduced by his church into the world of music and was forever captured by its beauty. Mrs. Johnson didn’t have much trouble with Robert as a child but as he grew older, he became more and more intrigued about the extravagant life of the bluesmen, and taken by the spiritual music. He started following the musicians around, staying out all night, intrigued by the bluesman’s free lifestyle. Anyone that had a guitar, little Robert would follow off according to his mother. "Sometimes he wouldn’t come home," Robert’s mother recalls, "and a whippin never did him no good." Mrs. Johnson feared the worst for Robert, she believed the guitar was the instrument of the devil and that the music he listened to was full of sin. Robert would ease her worries by playing church songs to her, yet this never erased the fear she held inside for her son. Robert was captured by the mystery surrounding the life of the bluesmen. The women, gam... ...the blues. In 1990 a collection of Robert Johnson’s songs were put together in a two disk collection of his work. This CD set won a Grammy and sold over half a million copies. Johnson was inducted into the Hall of Fame twice, first in 1980 and again a second time as an early influence in 1986. Johnson’s mysterious, shadowy life and beautiful, emotion packed songs will continue to intrigue the minds of many for years to come. Bibliography: Booth, Stanley. Rhythm Oil. New York; Pantheon Books, 1991. Finn, Julio. The Bluesman. Brooklyn; Interlink Books, 1992. Guralnick, Peter. Searching For Robert Johnson. New York; Obelisk Books, 1989. "Johnson, Robert." CD-ROM. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1996. Feb. 4. "Johnson, Robert." Encarta Online. Jan., 1999. Jan 23, 1999.. Lomax, Alan. The Land Where the Blues Began. New York; Pantheon Books, 1993. "Robert Johnson." Johnson, Robert. Dec., 1999. Jan. 23., 1999. . "Robert Johnson." Robert Johnson. May, 1999. Jan. 23.,1999. Shirley, David. Every Day I sing The Blues: The Story of B.B. King. Danbury; Grolier Publishing, 1995. "Welcome to the Crossroads" Robert Johnson. Jun., 1998. Jan., 1999..

Crepúsculo Essay -- Creative Writing Essays

Crepà ºsculo There is a word that I learned from Pablo Neruda: crepà ºsculo. It means twilight. I swim each night in the twilight of a hundred faces. These are the faces that I see through a silver mist. They are the faces that have found their way to that part of my brain where lost things are kept, neatly stacked, forever pressed behind frosted glass; forever just out of reach. . . . Joe’s face, from across my kitchen table, smiles his gentle smile at me. He sat with me in the kitchen for so long that night, watching as I sorted tiny beads into piles of reds and blues and glowing emerald greens. "What would you do," he said, smiling, if I just--" he gestured with his arms as though about to sweep his hands across the table, sending beads skittering to the floor. "If I just–whoosh." In remembering, we inject into our past a knowledge of the future; in this memory I know that Joe will die in a car crash in four months. Nights when his face appears I see him from across the bald, shimmering expanse of my kitchen table, dotted with gem-like piles of glass beads, and a burst of bright light explodes from his hands to mingle with my twilight sea. Whoosh. . . . I slid my items across the black belt, hand brushing across a sticky patch of dried lemonade. Wheat bread. Italian ices. Peaches. The checker paused, not sure just what to make of those peaches. They didn’t have a helpful little barcode on them, naturally. He was lost without the helpful little barcode. It was his first day. I smiled apologetically at the man behind me in line before realizing that he was not frowning out of impatience. He was staring at my face, my broken face with the blue and red bruise over my left cheekbone. The frown dissipated an... ...riage and children and a job he hates. He wears tattered bell-bottom Levi’s and oversized glasses with silver frames. I think of some of the Europe stories; a train wreck in Austria, a cabin in a Swiss valley: anecdotes experienced by someone I never knew, recounted by a man who wears Polo shirts and mopes when the weekend weather is bad. The horse is for his not-yet-born daughter–the first of two not-yet-born daughters. He plans to place it in her room, and one day soon he will rock her gently back and forth on the red-brown wooden saddle. He carefully tests his creation, and it makes a slow creaking sound on the asbestos tiled floor. A fleeting image punctuates the rocking of the horse, and he is standing in a cool valley in Switzerland, mountains all around him, mountains close enough to touch, yellow flowers by his feet, the cold pine air stabbing his lungs.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a socio-political protest against the policy of racial segregation and discrimination campaign in the public transport service of Montgomery city, Alabama in 1955. It lasted for one whole year starting at December 5, 1955 and ending at Decenmer21, 1956. The sentiments of the Afro-American community were cooled down by a United States Supreme decision that declared segregation in public transport as unconstitutional. The main cause of the protest and boycott of transport system was racial discrimination. This segregation was a source of bitterness and pathos for the Afro-Americans community for a long period of time. The city bus service was making a mockery of Afro-American as they were harassed by white drivers. They had top pay the fare at the front door whereas they had to reboard from the rear-door.   They used to sit behind a barrier that segregated the white community from the black one. This barrier was always moved toward the rear end to accommodate more white customers. On the bus, blacks sat behind a mobile barrier dividing the races, and as the bus filled, the barrier was pushed back to make room for white passengers. This stated resentments of the black residents of Montgomery city got an impetus in the arrest of Rosa Parks. She was taken into custody on December 1, 1955 on the charges that she refused vacate her seat to a white passenger. She was penalized 10$ in addition to $ 4 court charges. This decision flamed the feelings of the Afro-American community who had already planned to set a protest against this uncivilized practice. So the same day, on December 05, 1955, almost forty two thousands Black residents of the city started the boycott of city bus transport in order to protest racial segregation and racially discriminatory law of Alabama state. Rosa Parks was also an enthusiastic adherent of the protest campaign. The first occurrence of protest was a one day boycott by a local women’s rights organization, Women's Political Council to show solidarity with Rosa Parks. The council’s president JoAnn published and distributed 52,000 fliers that prompted Montgomery‘s Afro-American community to stay off public buses on the day of the Rosa Park’s trial. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People’s (NAACP) local section, that was hankering after an issue to involve the court into a legal and constitutional debate over the issue of racial segregation took advantage of the situation, started preparing for the legal challenge. After the conviction of Rosa Parks, the local black leaders congregated to arrange a mass protest and an extension of the bus boycott. They further established Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to forward the interest of the Afro-American community at the national level and elected Luther King Jr. as its president. This protest continued for 381 days during which Black community used other mean of conveyance like taxis, carpooling, and walking through miles. Their efforts and sacrifices bore fruit when they ultimately succeeded in their struggle to desegregate seating on public buses, not only in Montgomery, but throughout the United States through a decision made by Supreme Court. As it is stated earlier that Black organizations like NAACP and other community leader started thinking on various legal measures to challenge the Alabama bus segregation laws and to eradicate the segregation. For his purpose, they based their case on Fourth Amendments that declares equal laws for every citizen of America and  Ã‚   wanted a clear judgment in this regards over the discriminatory laws of Alabama State. But real solace came through another case Browder v. Gayle that was filed on February 1, 1956, in the U.S. District Court. Browder was a Montgomery housewife who was denied the equal right of bus service under the discriminatory law and Gayle was the mayor of Montgomery. In June, 1956 ruling, federal court declared the segregated seating as unconstitutional but an appeal was forwarded to the United States Supreme Court. However, on November 13, 1956, the superior court endorsed the lower court's ruling. This was a great triumph for the Afro-American community as they won the struggle for their rights. The Montgomery Bus Boycott cast deep imprints U.S. history and equipped the Black leadership with an impetus to carry on their civil rights struggle. It had implications that reached far beyond the desegregation of public buses. Luther King established himself as the leader of a national stature. The protest boosted the Civil Rights Movement and created a mass awareness about the struggle of Afro-American community and highlighted their pathos and miseries. It further provided confidence to the Black people that they can win their rights by constant struggle. In the words of King: â€Å"We have gained a new sense of dignity and destiny. We have discovered a new and powerful weapon—non-violent resistance.† Reference Burns, Stewart. (1997) Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott. The University of North Carolina Press.

Of Discourse by Francis Bacon

Of Discourse by Francis Bacon In her book Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse (1974), Lisa Jardine argues that Bacons Essays fall squarely under the heading of presentation or method of discourse. They are didactic, in Agricolas sense of presenting knowledge to someone in a form in which it may be believed and assimilated. . . . Basically these essays communicate precepts for the guidance of personal conduct in public affairs, based on Bacons own political experience. In the essay titled Of Discourse, Bacon explains how a person can lead the dance without appearing to dominate a conversation. You may find it worthwhile to compare Bacons aphoristic observations with the lengthier reflections offered by Jonathan Swift in Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation and by Samuel Johnson in Conversation. Of Discourse Some in their discourse desire rather commendation of wit, in being able to hold all arguments, than of judgment, in discerning what is true; as if it were a praise to know what might be said, and not what should be thought. Some have certain common-places and themes, wherein they are good, and want variety; which kind of poverty is for the most part tedious, and, when it is once perceived, ridiculous. The honourablest part of talk is to give the occasion; and again to moderate and pass to somewhat else, for then a man leads the dance. It is good in discourse, and speech of conversation, to vary and intermingle speech of the present occasion with arguments, tales with reasons, asking of questions with telling of opinions, and jest with earnest: for it is a dull thing to tire, and as we say now, to jade any thing too far. As for jest, there be certain things which ought to be privileged from it; namely, religion, matters of state, great persons, any mans present business of importance , any case that deserveth pity; yet there be some that think their wits have been asleep, except they dart out somewhat that is piquant, and to the quick; that is a vein which would be bridled; Parce, puer, stimulis, et fortius utere loris.* And, generally, men ought to find the difference between saltness and bitterness. Certainly, he that hath a satirical vein, as he maketh others afraid of his wit, so he had need be afraid of others memory. He that questioneth much, shall learn much, and content much; but especially if he apply his questions to the skill of the persons whom he asketh; for he shall give them occasion to please themselves in speaking, and himself shall continually gather knowledge; but let his questions not be troublesome, for that is fit for a poser; and let him be sure to leave other men their turns to speak: nay, if there be any that would reign and take up all the time, let him find means to take them oft, and to bring others on, as musicians use to do with those that dance too long galliards. If you dissemble sometimes your knowledge of that you are thought to know, you shall be thought, another time, to know that you know not. Speech of a mans self ought to be seldom, and well chosen. I knew one w as want to say in scorn, He must needs be a wise man, he speaks so much of himself: and there is but one case wherein a man may commend himself with good grace, and that is in commending virtue in another, especially if it be such a virtue whereunto himself pretendeth. Speech of touch towards others should be sparingly used; for discourse ought to be as a field, without coming home to any man. I knew two noblemen, of the west part of England, whereof the one was given to scoff, but kept ever royal cheer in his house; the other would ask of those that had been at the others table, Tell truly, was there never a flout or dry blow given? To which the guest would answer, Such and such a thing passed. The lord would say, I thought he would mar a good dinner. Discretion of speech is more than eloquence; and to speak agreeable to him with whom we deal, is more than to speak in good words, or in good order. A good continued speech, without a good speech of interlocution, shows slowness; and a good reply, or second speech, without a good settled speech, showeth shallowness and weakness. As we see in beasts, that those that are weakest in the course, are yet nimblest in the turn: as it is betwixt the greyhound and the hare. To use too many circumstances, ere one come to the matter, is wearisome; to use none at all, is blunt. Â   (1625) * Spare the whip, boy, and hold tighter the reins (Ovid, Metamorphoses).

When to Pull the Plug Professor Ramos Blog

When to Pull the Plug Fig. 1.Living will. â€Å"Silly Sunday: Life Support.† https://joycelansky.blogspot.com/2012/09/silly-sunday-life-support.html Death is inevitable. It is topic not many people would like to think about much less be comfortable to talk about.However, it is a very sensitive issue that should be discussed between family members. Many of these patients have no written legal documents that state their end-of-life wishes. If a brain dead patient is placed on a breathing machine and other forms of life support, who would be the one in charge of making life-and-death decisions such as when to pull the plug? When the choice to take a loved one off of life support after brain death is declared to families, the choice is not always easy. Today, doctors and family members face challenging ethical questions concerning when and if they should pull the plug. Therefore, to relieve both sides from making such a difficult decision, a brain dead patient should be pulled out from any means of life support per patient’s wish as indicated: in his/her living will, per doctor’s pronouncement based on neurological crit eria of brain death, per hospital’s concern as to minimize financial burden, and unnecessary suffering of both the patient and their family. Fig. 2.Who do you wish to make health care decisions for you when you can’t make them for yourself any longer? https://www.winstonmedical.org/visitors-patients/advanced-directive/ Brain Death Scenario: There are many cases of brain dead patients who are placed on life support machines. The most recent case is JahiMcMath, a 13-year-old African American girl from Oakland, California, who got admitted in the hospital for sleep apnea (breathing repeatedly stops and starts when asleep) and had her tonsils removed, was pronounced brain dead on December 12, 2013 after she suffered massive blood loss from surgery (Schmidt 1). She had no living will before the surgery, which directly made her parents as surrogates to make decisions for her. She was placed on life support for four years. When her parents decided to pull the plug, Jahi stopped breathing and her heart stopped beating. She was pronounced dead the second time on June 22, 2018 (2). Fig. 3. Brain death. http://1.bp.blogspot.com Brain Function: What is the function of the brain? Kasule states the brain is the command, coordination, and communication center for the body to work (2). He continues, when an injury to the brain happens due to lack of oxygen, the brain is very sensitive to such abuse, that it dies irreversibly first before other major organs like the lungs and the heart. The injured brain cannot recover or be replaced. Therefore, the brain controls all the other organs, and when it dies, the other organs imminently follow. Fig. 4.Neurological criteria for death (Brain Death Protocols).CrashMaster, http://crashingpatient.com/intensive-care/neurologic-criteria-for-death.htm/ Reason #1: Why Unplug – Patient is Brain Dead Based on Neurological Assessment Criteria The neurological assessment for brain death is a universal law or criteria followed by doctors when examining and confirming if a patient is dead or alive, based on neurological criteria as lack of responsiveness (coma), absence of brainstem reflexes (i.e. pupils do not react to light, no facial muscle movement, no gag reflexes), absence of breathing drive, and no brain waves activity as shown in figure 4. If there is no change, the test is repeated after 24 hours to confirm death (Jakusovaite et al 206). This has become the criteria for brain death confirmation that doctors follow. As opposed to comas, when patients are in comas whether medically induced or through the patient’s health process, tests are done such as those indicated above that show that the body is still responsive and the brain is not dead. There is also a test to check for brain waves and in coma patients, brain waves are still present. However, in the brain dead patient, waves are no longer present or acti ve. In 1973, brainstem death was identified as the point of no return and the United States Uniform Determination of Death Act was enacted (Kasule 2). The brain dead patient is not able to cough or swallow, breathe on their own, do not display brain waves, and have no hope in quality of life. Thus, by pulling the plug, it will cause the patient’s breathing to cease and thereby causing the heart to stop. Reason #2: Why Unplug – It Drains Family Resources When Patient Has No Point of Return (Dead) The purpose of protecting resources is attained by earlier confirmation of death using brain death criteria to stop expensive life support in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The daily costs in the ICU are higher during the first 2 days where the cost of mechanical ventilation is $10,794 on day 1 and $4,796 on day 2 (Dasta 1266) in addition to ICU equipment supplies. As of January 1, 2018, the cost of room and board in critical care or trauma pediatric intensive care unit in University Hospitals in Cleveland Medical Center is $10, 140 per day (Patient Pricing Information 1). The indirect costs are expenses when family leave their work and travel to the hospital daily. However, once death is confirmed any further ICU care is a waste of resources (Kasule 5). In fact one of the reasons a patient is taken out of life support is when the family can no longer afford the financial cost of the treatments. The cost is so high that it takes toll on the family’s finances. It is a lose-lose situation if a patient will never recover and the family will end up in debt.Due to this financial burden, it is important that staff have a realistic conversation with the family to discuss the patient’s quality of life and the need to pull the plug. Fig. 5.Advanced directive.https://www.winstonmedical.org/visitors-patients/advanced-directive/ Fig. 6.Percentatge of Americans without advanced directive. â€Å"Your Resolution for Advance Directives.†https://www.hhhc.org/resources/news/advance-directives/resolution-advance-directives/ Reason #3: Why Unplug – Respect One’s Wishes Not to Be on Life Support if No Quality of Life Many critically ill patients opt out of life support and state their wishes in an advanced directive or living will in the event there is no chance of recovery or quality of life. Tejwani defines advance directives as a set of instructions recognized under state law in reference to the provision of health care when the individual is incapacitated (772). It communicates one’s wishes to family, friends, and health care professionals in the event of becoming unable to voice one’s own wishes. It may also include durable power of attorney (POA), a document designating a surrogate decision-maker if the individual is incapacitated and can include orders for withdrawal of life support. Patients with advance directive are much more likely to receive end-of-life care consistent with their preferences. A majority of the population in United States do not have advance directives as shown in figure 6. A surrogate or proxy speaks for the patient and is to follow the patient’s specific views on end-of-life values and preferences. If the patient’s preferences are unknown, the surrogate should make decisions in the best interest of the patient (772). It can be difficult to begin the conversation on end-of-life preferences, however, a simple and/or quick discussion can make a huge difference. In the instance of Jahi, had her parents and medical staff asked her what her preferences were prior to her surgery, it may have made a difference for her and her family’s suffering afterward. Thus, the growing consensus is that every adult, regardless of age, should consider preparing an advance directive because unforeseeable accidents can and do occur. Fig. 7.Ventilator/ventilator support.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/ventilatorventilator-support Addressing Opposite Side #1 – Family believes Patient on Life Support is Alive Family members often believe that a patient on a breathing machineor ventilatoris still alive because the patient is breathing and the heart is beating even when the brain is dead. The use of life support is that it sustains life for a longer period of time to allow for the processing a traumatic event, acceptance of the situation, more time to grieve, and possible solutions. However, it is wrong to keep someone alive without their consent, possibly prolonging their suffering. The downside to this situation is difficult to determine when is the right time to pull the plug? In the case of JahiMcMath, who was on life support, her parents believe that it is morally wrong according to their religious belief to let someone die (Schmidt 1). Emotionally, it is difficult for Jahi’s family when confronting the issue of her brain dead status and it would be difficult for them if they are asked to pull the plug. Her parents were hoping she would recover, that is why they opted for life s upport (Schmidt 2). However, after 4 years of being on life support, Jahi’s organs started to fail. Her parents decided to pull the plug because that is the only realistic option for them and for their daughter. Had the parents understood the meaning of brain death and what it means in terms of her quality of life, it is possible that they would have pulled the plug sooner. Because after they turned off the ventilator, Jahi stopped breathing and her heart stopped beating. The only support to keep her alive was the breathing machine. Fig. 8.Brain-dead patients deserve to be laid to rest. https://sundial.csun.edu/2014/01/brain-dead-patients-deserve-to-be-laid-to-rest/ Addressing Opposite Side #2 – Family Belief of Miracle Religious family members of a dying patient believe that miracles can happen. Tejwani states the patient’s family rejected the recommendation of considering comfort care of terminally ill patient and expressed strong feeling that a miracle would occur and the patient would regain consciousness and recover (773). Based on this hope, they requested continuation of unlimited life-sustaining measures. Despite being repeatedly informed that these measures would not alter the patient’s outcome, the family persisted on their requests. The care team felt the family’s expectations to be unrealistic and their demands unreasonable. Providing invasive care to a brain death patient with no hope of recovery creates emotional and moral distress on care providers, and providers may consider themselves agents of harm. Blindly following the surrogate’s wishes is not always in the patient’s best interest and most surrogates tend to request to â€Å"do everything poss ible.† Although in some circumstances this achieves nothing more than inflicting bodily injury on the patient (774). The appropriate time to pull the plug is after the confirmation of brain death using the brain death criteria and only after a very thorough discussion with the patient’s family. Jahi’s mother was not able to move on with her life thinking that her daughter was still alive and was stuck in the stage of denial (first stage of the grieving process) for 4 years. Magic miracle cures do not happen for a brain dead patient. Conclusion True, death is inevitable and talking about it should not be avoided among family members because unforeseeable accidents can happen anytime. The important message for patients and their families is, before a family member ends up in ICU or undergoes a surgery no matter how minor, they need to talk about what one would want in advance. End-of-life decision-making is extremely challenging for patient’s family to make without an advanced directive or living will. With an advance directive, the surrogate, family, and care providers have proof as to what the brain-dead patient’s values and preferences are. Nobody wants to be kept alive when such life would be a meaningless existence. Everyone wants a sentient existence in which one has the ability to think, read, speak, write, and communicate. Anything that could not restore a person to this is a purposeless and meaningless life. Moreover, state laws meeting should revise the Universal Declaration of Death Act (UDDA) to eth ically make the doctors pull the plug the moment a patient has been pronounced brain dead. Brain stem death should remain the mainstay of defining death so as to give families closure and prevent the patient’s suffering. Dasta, J.F. et al. Daily Cost of an Intensive Care Unit Day: The Contribution of Mechanical Ventilation.Critical Care Med.Jun 2005, 33(6).p. 1266.PubMed. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15942342 Jakusovaite, Irayda et al. Determination of Death: Metaphysical and Biomedical Discoure. Medicina.Vol. 52 issue 4. 2016. p. 206. ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2016.06.02 Kasule, Omar Hasan. Brain Death: Criteria, Signs, and Tests. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. Vol. 8 issue 1, April 2013. P. ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jturned.2013.02.001 Patient Pricing Information.University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. p.1. uhhospitals.org/cleveland/patients-and-visitors/billing-insurance-and- medical-records/patient-pricing-information Schmidt, Samantha. JahiMcMath, the California Girl in Life-Support Controversy, is Now Dead. The Washington Post. 29 June 2018. pp. 1-2. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/06/29/jahi-mcmath-the- calif-girl-declared-brain-dead-4-years-ago-is-taken-off-life- support/?noredirect=onutm_term=.b4a260ced3a6 Tejwani, Vickram et al. Issues Surrounding End-of-Life Decision-making.Patient Preference Adherence, (2013).pp. 771-775. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S48135

225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire You

225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire You 225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire You 225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire You By Mark Nichol Here’s another writing challenge for you, a sequel to 150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You. I’ve listed foreign phrases that eloquently draw, in just a few words, a portrait of a person or a situation. Some are obscure in their figurative language (esprit d’le escalier, one of my favorite expressions, refers to the chagrin you feel about coming up with a bon mot or an insult only after the opportunity to utter it has passed) and may require some research on the reader’s part, though everyone can identify with them once the meaning is clear. Others (crise de conscience) are not only universally resonant in our experience but also transparent. Once you’ve chosen one expression, use it as a prompt for a short story. Think what you can do with a story titled â€Å"Mole ruit sua† or â€Å"Hic illae lacrimae.† (Moliere wrapped an entire play, one of the greatest ever written, around malade imaginaire.) Alternatively, this post is a rich mine for a tale featuring an insufferable boor who tosses off foreign expressions ad arbitrium to advertise his erudition. At the very least, employ these phrases to encapsulate your characters; the preceding type could be labeled folie de grandeur, or you might keep faux-naif in mind when writing another character. 1. ab incunabulis: from the cradle 2. a bon chat, bon rat: to a good cat, a good rat (retaliation in kind) 3. a bouch ouverte: with open mouth (eagerly, uncritically) 4. ab ovo usque ad mala: from egg to apples (from beginning to end) 5. a bras ouverts: with open arms 6. ab uno disce omnes: from one learn to know all 7. a coup sur: with sure stroke (surely) 8. acte gratuit: gratuitous impulsive act 9. ad arbitrium: at will (arbitrarily) 10. ad extremum: to the extreme (at last) 11. ad majorem Dei gloriam: to the greater glory of God 12. ad patres: to his fathers (deceased) 13. ad unguem: to the fingernail (exactly) 14. ad utrumque paratus: prepared for either event 15. aegri somnia: a sick man’s dreams 16. aequam servare mentem: to preserve a calm mind 17. aequo animo: with even mind (calmly) 18. aere perennius: more lasting than bronze 19. a huis clos: with closed doors 20. a l’abandon: carelessly 21. a la belle etoile: under the beautiful star (in the open air at night) 22. a la bonne heure: at a good time (all right) 23. a la page: at the page (up to the minute) 24. alter idem: another self 25. a maximis ad minima: from the greatest to the least 26. a marveille: marvelously 27. amicus humani generis: friend of the human race 28. amicus usque ad aras: a friend as far as to the alters (a friend to the last extremity) 29. ami de cour: court friend 30. armamentum ad baculum: argument of the staff (appeal to force) 31. arrectis auribus: with ears pricked up 32. a torte et a travers: wrong and crosswise (without rhyme or reason) 33. au bout de son latin: at the end of one’s Latin (at the end of one’s mental resources) 34. au fait: to the point (socially correct) 35. au grand serieux: in all serious 36. au mieux: on the best terms (on intimate terms) 37. aurea mediocritas: the golden mean 38. auspicium melioris aevi: an omen of a better age 39. ausssitot dit, aussitot fait: no sooner said than done 40. autres temps, autres moeurs: other times, other customs 41. aut vincere aut mori: either to conquer or to die 42. bellum omnium contra onnes: war of all against all 43. bien-pensant: right minded (orthodox) 44. bon gre, mal gre: whether with good grace or bad (willy-nilly) 45. bonis avibus: under good auspices 45. brutum fulmen: insensible thunderbolt (futile threat of display of force) 47. cadit quaestio: the question drops (the argument collapses) 48. capable de tout: capable of anything (unpredictable) 49. cause sine qua non: an indispensable cause or condition 50. cheval de bataille: war-horse (argument constantly relied on) 51. comedie humaine: human comedy (the whole variety of human life) 52. comedie larmoyante: tearful comedy (sentimental comedy) 53. comagnon de voyage: traveling companion 54. compte rendu: report 55. concordia discors: discordant harmony 56. confessio fidei: confession of faith 57. contemptus mundi: contempt for the world 58. coup de maitre: masterstroke 59. coup d’essai: experiment 60. coute que coute: cost what it may 61. cri de coeur: cry of the heart 62. crise de conscience: crisis of conscience 63. crise de nerfs: crisis of nerves 64. crux criticorum: crux of critics 65. cum grano salis: with a grain of salt 66. custos morum: guardian of morals (censor) 67. de bonne grice: with good grace 68. de l’audace, encore de l’audace, et toujours de l’audace: audacity, more audacity, and ever more audacity 69. de mal en pis: from bad to worse 70. Deo favente: with God’s favor 71. de profundis: out of the depths 72. desipere in loco: to indulge in trifling at the proper time 73. Deus absconditus: hidden God (unknowable God) 74. dies faustus: lucky day 75. dies infaustus: unlucky day 76. dies irae: day of wrath 77. esprit d’le escalier: the wit of the staircase 78. faux bonhomme: false friend 79. faux-naif: affectedly simple or childlike 80. festina lente: make haste slowly 81. feux d’artifice: fireworks, or show of wit 82. folie de grandeur: delusion of greatness, megalomania 83. furor loquendi: rage for speaking 84. furor poeticus: rage for poetry 85. furor scribendi: rage for writing 86. gens du mond: fashionable people 87. guerre a outrance: war to the uttermost 88. haut gout: slight taint of decay 89. hic illae lacrimae: hence these tears 90. homme d’esprit: witty man 91. in omnia paratus: ready for all things 92. in partibus infidelium: in the land of the infidels 93. in statu quo ante bellum: just like before the war 94. januis clausis: behind closed doors 95. jeu de mots: play on words 96. ktema es ai: a possession for ever (enduring art or literature) 97. la belle dame sans merci: the beautiful lady without mercy 98. lacrimae rerum: tragedy of life 99. lapsus calami: slip of the pen 100. lapsus linguae: slip of the tongue 101. laudatory temporis acti: one who praises past times 102. lusis naturae: freak of nature 103. magni nominis umbra: the shadow of a great name 104. malade imaginaire: imaginary invalid 105. malis avibus: under evil auspices 106. mauvais quart d’heure: uncomfortable but brief experience 107. meden agen: nothing in excess 108. mens sana in corpore sano: a sound mind in a sound body 109. metteur et scene: (stage or film) director 110. meum et tuem: mine and yours 111. mirabile visu: wonderful to behold 112. mole ruit sua: it collapses from its own size 113. monumentum aere perennius: a monument more lasting than bronze 114. multum in parvo: much in little 115. mysterium tremendum: overwhelming mystery 116. ne quid nimis: not anything in excess 117. nil admirari: equanimity 118. nolens volens: willy-nilly 119. nostalgie de la boue: attraction to what is unworthy, crude, or degrading 120. novus homo: upstart 121. novus ordo seclorum: a new cycle of the ages 122. nuit blanche: sleepless night 123. obscurum per obscurius: explaining the obscure by means of the more obscure 124. onus probandi: burden of proof 125. ore rotundo: eloquently 126. otium cum dignitate: leisure with dignity 127. outre-mer: overseas 128. pallida Mors: pale Death 129. panem et circenses: bread and circuses 130. pater patriae: father of his country 131. paucis verbis: in a few words 132. pax vobiscum: peace be with you 133. peine forte et dure: strong and hard punishment 134. per angusta ad augusta: through difficulties to honors 135. peu a peu: little by little 136. peu de chose: a trifle 137. peu d’occasion: piece for a special occasion 138. piece justificative: document serving as evidence 139. piece montee: set piece (said of decorative food) 140. pleno jure: with full right 141. plus royaliste que le roi: more royalist than the king 142. pocas palabras: few words 143. point de repere: point of reference 144. police verso: with thumb turned (down) 145. pour rire: for laughing (not to be taken seriously) 146. pro aris et focis: for alters and firesides 147. pro bono publico: for the public good 148. pro hac vice: for this occasion 149. pro patria: for one’s country 150. pro rege, lege, et grege: for the king, the law, and the people 151. pro re nata: as needed 152. quantum mutates ab illo: how changed from what he once was 153. quantum sufficit: as much as suffices 154. quoad hoc: to this extent 155. quod erat demonstrandum: which was to be proved 156. quod erat faciendum: which was to be done 157. quod semper, quod ubique, quo dab omnibus: what (has been held) always, everywhere, by everybody 158. quorum pars magna fui: in which I played a great part 159. raison d’etat: reason of state 160. reculer pour mieux sauter: to draw back in order to make a better jump 161. re infecta: the beusiness being unfinished 162. religio loci: religious sanctity of a place 163. ruse de guerre: war strategem 164. rus in urbe: country in the city 165. saeva indignatio: fierce indignation 166. sal Atticum: Attic salt (wit) 167. salon des refuses: salon of the refused (exhibition of officially rejected art) 168. salto mortale: deadly jump (dangerous or crucial undertaking) 169. sancta simplicitas: holy simplicity (naivete) 170. sans doute: without doubt 171. sans gene: without embarrassment or constraint 172. sans peur et sans reproche: without fear and without reproach 173. sans souci: without worry 174. scene a faire: obligatory scene 175. secundum artem: according to the art (according to the accepted practice) 176. secundum naturam: according to nature (naturally) 177. se defendendo: in self-defense 178. semper eadem: always the same (feminine form) 179. semper fidelis: always faithful 180. semper idem: always the same (masculine form) 181. semper paratus: always prepared 182. simpliste: naive 183. splendide mendax: nobly untruthful 184. spolia opima: rich spoils (spoils of the victor) 185. status quo ante bellum: the state existing before the war 186. suaviter in modo, fortiter in re: gently in manner, strongly in deed 187. suo jure: in his own right 188. suo loco: inits proper palce 189. suo marte: by one’s own exertions 190. sur place: in place (on the spot) 191. suum cuique: to each his own 192. tant mieux: so much the better 193. tant pis: so much the worse (too bad) 194. tempus edax rerum: time, that devours all things 195. totidem verbis:: in so many words 196. totis viribus: with all one’s might 197. toto caelo: by the whole extenet of the heavens 198. toujour perdix: always partridge (too much of a good thing) 199. tour d’horizon: circuit of the horizon (general survey) 200. tous frais faits: all expenses defrayed 201. taut au contraire: quite the contrary 202. tout a vous: wholly yours (at your service) 203. tout bien ou rien: everything well (done) or nothing (attempted) 204. tout court: quite short (simply) 205. tout de meme: all the same (nevertheless) 206. tout de suite: Immediately 207. tout ensemble: all together 208. tout le monde: everybody 209. trahison de clercs: treason of the intellectuals 210. tanche de vie: slice of life 211. tristesse: melancholy 212. ultima ratio regum: the final argument of kings (war) 213. uno animo: with one mind 214. urbi et orbi: to the city and the world (to everyone) 215. utile dulci: the useful with the agreeable 216. va et vient: coming and going (traffic) 217. ventre a terre: belly to the ground (at very great speed) 218. verbatim ac litteratim: word for word, and letter for letter 219. vieux jeu: old game (old hat) 220. vin du pays: wine of the locality 221. virgo intacta: untouched virgin 222. virtute et armis: by valor of arms 223. vis medicatrix natureae: the healing power of nature 224. vita nuova: new life 225. vox et praeterea nihil: voice and nothing more Want to improve your English 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Midway, Turning Point in World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Midway, Turning Point in World War II - Essay Example At the Battle of the Coral Sea, May 7 and 8, 1942, the American fleet took a terrible beating and appeared on the verge of collapse. Admiral Yamamoto knew when he attacked Pearl Harbor that the only way to wage a successful war against the United States was to completely wipe out his only opposition, the navy of the United States. The fact that Japan was an island nation allowed for the development of a large trading fleet as well as the largest military navy in the world. Without control of the Pacific, Japan could not expect to last long as everything had to be transported to Japan via ships. If the American navy could be eliminated from the Pacific, Japan would be able to control the entirety of its trading sphere. Yamamoto had to get the United States into one last battle where his power could be successful against a weaker enemy. The key to his plan was found to be Midway, the lookout for Hawaii. With Midway captured, and Hawaii neutralized, Japan’s only problem would be forced further east to the United States.

Ernest Hemingway Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ernest Hemingway - Research Paper Example Ernest Hemingway lived a colorful and heroic life, and the reflection of the incidents he encountered, some of them near death situations, the two World Wars and the holocaust make his literature the storehouse of rich experiences. His writing style is unhurried and unique. Ernest Hemingway: Biography Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois and he is the second child of his parents Grace Hall and Clarence Edmonds Hemingway. His father was a medial practitioner and his mother was a teacher of music. They took interest in serving the Church and did their duties there. Hemingway’s latent literary genius was showing as a student, but his teacher had problems with his handwriting. After graduation, he shifted to Kansas City and joined as a cub reporter for the Star Newspaper. The ongoing World War excited him and he joined Red Cross as an ambulance driver. He was injured in the war and during the course of his recuperation, he met Agnes von Kurowsky. Ernest took the relationship seriously but Agnes treated him as a kid. The result of his war-related experiences was the book â€Å"A Farewell to Arms†. He returned to America to be honored as a war hero. With the termination of relationship with Agnes, Hemingway was heart-broken. In Chicago, when on freelance assignments, he met Hadley Richardson and they got married in 1921. Both of them moved to Paris, on the advice of a friend, to live in association with other writers. That move brought Hemingway to the limelight in the world of literature. Ernest Hemingway was on the move on the literary canvas. In Paris he did some writing for the Toronto Star newspaper. In 1923, His work â€Å"Three Stories and Ten Poems† was published I n Paris. His first child was born, a son who was affectionately called â€Å"Bumby†. â€Å"The Sun Also Rises,† a novel published in 1926 brought him to the international circuit in literature. Soon the marriage with Hadley ended , but Hemingway remarried Pauline Pfeiffer and they moved to Key West, Florida. His father committed suicide while he was completing â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† and his writing was interrupted. By then Hemingway had taken to heavy drinking. They had two sons during the period 1928 to 1931. He had a disciplined approach to hid work, notwithstanding his drinking habit. Further books followed like, â€Å"Death In the Afternoon†, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro†, and â€Å"The Green Hills of Africa.† The marriage again was on the rocks and he went to Spain accompanied by his new love Martha Gellhorn. In 1940, he was celebrating the publication of â€Å"For Whom the Bell Tolls† and in the same year he divorced Pauline. They jointly bought a house in Cuba and World War II broke out and Hemingway went to Europe to cover the war. Martha was already there to work. Their relationship however ended in 1945. He was in love again and he married Mary Welsh in the y ear 1946.They returned to Cuba and Hemingway was on his writing assignments again. Soon his great novel, â€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† was published and that fetched to him the Pulitzer Prize. In 1954 he won the Nobel Prize for literature. He met with an accident; as such he was unable to remain present in the Nobel Award presentation ceremony. The next phase in his life was full of tragedies. Ernest and Mary were enjoying a safari in Africa, and they were involved in a plane crash. The injuries were minor and the rescue plane

Establishing a continuing business model innovation process Essay

Establishing a continuing business model innovation process - Essay Example Nevertheless, before the hurricanes hit, the trends were rather positive and some economists argue that the economy will smooth into the recovery phase with growth of demand and overall production. The GDP growth is attributable mainly to the structural productivity growth though the employment rates were revealing job losses over the country. The main target of the national banks in different countries is to precisely monitor the affect of inflationary pressure and low interest rates on the employment and GDP development. Another point of concern in the longer term is the growing rate of federal expenditure on health and retirement programs and in case of larger debt service to GDP the economy will be hit tremendously. To summarize, the outlooks are positive in the short term for production companies not heavily dependant on oil and gas prices, and is more favorable in the long term with certain risks being in place nevertheless. Company managers should strive their best to implement energy saving strategies in order to cut down the value of this cost variable within their overall cost structure and should rush to invest as much as possible into new products which could be de livered to the market very soon. Alan Greesley decided not to give any precise outlook for the economy development in the long term due to increasing baby boomers retiring factor, huge oil and gas prices and no precise way to estimate the path through mechanism of higher interest rates and inflation. The policy makers should invest as much as possible now to implement technology innovations to provide cost reduction methodologies. Keeping the US quality, this will guarantee it competitive position in the markets. The economy must go through reformation which is happening now. The gross domestic product growth depends on the demand and the ability of consumers within the economy to realize their demand for specific products. The demand for the product depends on the utility function of this product and how much utility the product can provide to the customer. The utility of the product is the tradeoff of the qualities of the specific product in return of the quality and ability of this good to satisfy specific consumer needs. The demand of the product is the price sensitive and the good is considered normal if the demand for this product rises if the price falls. On the other hand, demand falls with rising price when the utility function is at its' break point and the utility provided to the customer from purchasing this product is less than the price to be paid for it. Price sensitivity of the product depends on the amount of substitutes available to the customers. In case of few substitutes available and the product being a normal product, the demand will grow with the falling price and visa versa. On the other hand, if the product is normal but there are several substitutes to this product, or the products different in some qualities but providing the same function to the customer, up to certain specific preference point, the customer will be choosing this product and then will switch to another one. For example, with the expectations of growing demand in the short term and falling in the long

The Women's Social Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Women's Social Movement - Research Paper Example For decades, women are relegated to a subordinate position to that of men especially in our patriarchal societies dominated by masculinity. In America national laws, traditions and religious doctrines only acted to sustain the women’s subordinate status and codified women’s lack of legal and political rights. Though the constitution states that men and women are equal since they have inalienable rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness women are often denied the opportunity to enjoy these rights due to their feminine status. This begins with families where men are viewed as the heads of the households and women as helpers or assistants to other institutions of society especially in politics. Even today, women are far from gaining equality with men as they rarely occupy important positions. In the 113th Congress of U.S there are only 20 women in the senate out of 100 senators and in the House of Representatives there are only 79 women out of 435 members (Center for American Women and Politics). It is in light of this oppression that women’s movements became an important of life. This essay will focus on the women’s suffrage movement formed in 1848 and continued up to 1920; how it was formed, its goals, problems and challenges and major achievements over the period as well as the key figures in the movement. The women’s suffrage movement was formed in the late nineteenth century and continued up to early twentieth century. It was founded in 1848 during the Seneca Falls Convention by women who were fed up with being treated as inferior members of society although some men who sympathized with the women’ s plight were also present. Just like it is stipulated by Staggenborg that social movements undergo a natural cycle of maintenance, growth, and decline, the suffragist movement was no exception (10). The period before the American Civil War was that of growth. However,

The Shawshank Redemption 1994 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Shawshank Redemption 1994 - Movie Review Example We are held prisoners by our surroundings, and unless we are will to think outside the box, we will remain in the box. The movie tells of an incredible story about the desire for freedom. Although this movie may seem like any other prison movie at first, but as you continue watching it, you will discover that it is about hope, and it will captivate your heart. It tells the story of a certain prosperous banker who was sent to prison for killing his wife and her bed mate. He comes back home and finds them in bed, and out of anger, he shoots and kills them both. The judges pronounce him, â€Å"a particularly remorseless and icy man†. This banker named Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is then taken to a prison called Shaw Shank, a prison reserved for the worst of mankind. In this prison, guards would often brutally beat the prisoners especially when they do something wrong, such as attempt an escape. Conflicts and fights among inmates was a common thing as well. Red is the narrator of this story and he begins it quite interestingly by saying, â€Å"I wish I could tell you that Andy fought the good fight, and the Sisters let him be. I wish I could tell you that - but prison is no fairy-tale world. He never said who did it, but we all knew. Things went on like that for a while - prison life consists of routine, and then more routine. Every so often, Andy would show up with fresh bruises. The Sisters kept at him - sometimes he was able to fight 'em off, sometimes not. And that's how it went for Andy - that was his routine. I do believe those first two years were the worst for him, and I also believe that if things had gone on that way, this place would have got the best of him.† As Andy enters the prison, he becomes the target of some of the prisoners, because he is new and looks weak. But this quickly changes as he starts to make some unusual friends. He meets a certain man by the name of Ellis Boyd â€Å"Red† Redding (a character played by Morgan Fre eman). This man who goes by the nickname Red has been sent to prison for life. He has covered a lot of years, and there is no hope for him of ever seeing the outside world. Andy soon discovers that Red likes to smuggle things in for the prisoners, and he exchanges them for whatever he wants. As the friendship between this two amazing men starts to build up, Red starts to realize that Andy is more than what meets the eye. But he doesn’t see much in him, as we can see in his comment, â€Å"I must admit, I didn’t think much of Andy first time I laid eyes on him, looked like a stiff breeze would blow him over. That was my first impression of the man.† In the meantime, Andy helps a certain hardened prisoner who has a tax problem, and in exchange he gets bottles of cold beer, and he distributes them to the other prisoners. This helps him get the soft side of most of the prisoners, and helps reduce some of the bullying from other prisoners. After this, Andy moves from one project to another. First he helps to make the prison library a better place, and he also helps the prisoners that tend to use the library by helping them to study. He continues to take care of the tax returns of the guards, and he continues further by helping the tough warden (Bob Gunton) in some areas he needs help. This proves to be a wise move because, as the years go by, he gets respect and trust from the inmates, guards and also

The Women's Social Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Women's Social Movement - Research Paper Example For decades, women are relegated to a subordinate position to that of men especially in our patriarchal societies dominated by masculinity. In America national laws, traditions and religious doctrines only acted to sustain the women’s subordinate status and codified women’s lack of legal and political rights. Though the constitution states that men and women are equal since they have inalienable rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness women are often denied the opportunity to enjoy these rights due to their feminine status. This begins with families where men are viewed as the heads of the households and women as helpers or assistants to other institutions of society especially in politics. Even today, women are far from gaining equality with men as they rarely occupy important positions. In the 113th Congress of U.S there are only 20 women in the senate out of 100 senators and in the House of Representatives there are only 79 women out of 435 members (Center for American Women and Politics). It is in light of this oppression that women’s movements became an important of life. This essay will focus on the women’s suffrage movement formed in 1848 and continued up to 1920; how it was formed, its goals, problems and challenges and major achievements over the period as well as the key figures in the movement. The women’s suffrage movement was formed in the late nineteenth century and continued up to early twentieth century. It was founded in 1848 during the Seneca Falls Convention by women who were fed up with being treated as inferior members of society although some men who sympathized with the women’ s plight were also present. Just like it is stipulated by Staggenborg that social movements undergo a natural cycle of maintenance, growth, and decline, the suffragist movement was no exception (10). The period before the American Civil War was that of growth. However,

Issues, Data, And Analyses Of Racial Profiling Essay - 1

Issues, Data, And Analyses Of Racial Profiling - Essay Example Racial profiling prevents the police from serving the whole community in an effective way. Leaning on one side for racial reasons is detrimental to societal development, and the authority should not tolerate this behavior. Moreover, the continued use of racial profiling could easily lead to racially-motivated violence (Moody 321). This happens when victims’ gang up to face offenders or the offenders collaborate to suppress victims in a particular way. Some highlighted reasons why racial profiling should not be legal law are; the whole idea is morally wrong, police officers would not perform their duties justly, community’s collaboration in cases of crimes reduces, and it may lead to more racial violence. The idea of racial profiling has many visible instances in the United States. Most African-Americans complain that police stops them regularly for check-ups than their white counterparts. The idea is that they are more suspects of terrorism than Americans. This is moral decay in the society which reduces people’s morale in involvement in various economic activities. Instances involving racial profiling in the city are numerous. One citizen reports that â€Å"airport officials pulled his friend aside, and question him before allowing him to take his flight because he is a Muslim-American† (Schmidt 23). This is a practice of racial profiling, and should not be law by all means. Considering the situation in which officials harass ten or more people on the basis of such beliefs; the result is a loss of trust in authority and lawmakers, which also retards societal growth. In some instances, African Americans complain that traffic police stops them regularly for unwarranted c hecks just because of their color.

University of Dallas Education Essay Example for Free

University of Dallas Education Essay In attending the University of Dallas, I expect to broaden my views in the understanding that I currently have of my community and the world I live in. In obtaining an education at this University, I am opening my mind to gain an understanding to all that there is here to take in and understand. I expect to gain the knowledge and skills that will help me to succeed for the rest of my life from my university education here. I expect to graduate and earn a higher income, become a more skilled professional, be prepared for more job opportunities and reach a higher potential for myself than had I not attended the University of Dallas. I expect to gain an increased quality of life from the education I receive here, like mentioned in the following information from an educational site: â€Å"Children of college-educated parents are more likely to graduate from high school and continue onto college; they are more likely to have higher cognitive development; and sons and daughters of college educated mothers and fathers are considerably less likely to become unmarried teen parents† (Benefits, 2007). I expect to gain the knowledge and skills training, education from the program that I am in to graduate and be prepared to work in the field I am preparing to go into. But most of all, I expect to gain from my education from University of Dallas what I put into it. I know that an education of and in itself is not a magic pill to anything. However, by applying myself as well as I can in all of my classes and in all of the coursework I take here, I expect from my University of Dallas education the extent to which I put into it . Reference Benefits of College. Retrieved April 13, 2007, from Think College Early Massachusetts Web site: http://www. thinkcollegeearly. org/benefits/benefit. htm

Boeing Capital Company Analysis

Boeing Capital Company Analysis Introduction The importance that is associated with air travel cannot be undermined in any manner since provides a fast means of traveling and ensuring that business is conducted in an efficient manner by availing people where they are needed to be within a very short time. Additionally, it creates diversity by taking people to different places where they can interact with individuals from various cultures which eventually helps to enhance the spread of diverse cultural practices to the entire world. Through air travel, many economies of the world have been transformed in a manner that cannot even be comprehended, and this has helped a lot in building some of the largest economies in the world. People are provided with a chance to experience new things in life. For instance, this has helped to diversify the manner in which education is being carried out since students can now travel all over the world in search of knowledge. The Aerospace space industry continues to grow each and every other day, and this is made possible by more than 8 million individuals undertake air travel daily. On top of that, defense and security have been further enhanced by air travel since it is possible to avail safety where it is required in a matter of minutes. Description of the Company or Agency (Basically what business are you in) Boeing is one of the largest aerospace companies in the world. It does not only specialize in the manufacture of commercial jetliners, but it is also involved in the production of various other products such as space security systems and defense systems such as the fighter jets. Boeing is the largest exporter company that is located in the United States. Apart from supporting most of the airlines in the country by providing commercial airplanes, it also provides its products to other customers who are mostly government organizations in over on hundred and fifty countries. Some of the products that are designed by Boeing are customized while others are only mass produced and sold to customers why dont need to specifications to be associated with the products that they intend to buy. Most of the tailored products include satellites machines, weapons, defense systems that are electronic in nature, military aircraft, commercial aircraft, launch systems, advanced communication systems, pe rformance-based handling and training systems and even simulator machines. The company has been involved in the production of aerospace equipment for many years, and it is considered to be a leading company in this field due to the experience and the reputation that is associated with the organization. With time, it continually strives to tap into sections of the market that other aerospace companies have failed to explore. It is through the provision of a variety of services and products that can help to meet the needs of the clients in the most accurate manner. Some of the capabilities associated with Boeing Company include the ability to develop more advanced and better types of commercial airplanes because it is continually undertaking research into the market so as to understand the level of customers satisfaction based on the products that it has already availed to the market. Additionally, it can integrate the available defense systems and the military platforms, develop technology solutions that are more advanced than the ones that were already avai led in the market thanks to the team of researchers in the company that is continually looking for ways of improving the available systems. Finally, it is capable of coming up with financing options for the potential customers so as to enable more clients to gain access to its products since they normally are very expensive. Operation Description The company has an extensive knowledge about its clients, and this is enabled by an in-depth research of the market. Therefore, the company is able to understand the type of equipments that are needed by its customers. Boeings Capital Corporation (BCC) also has a collection of financial professionals why have been practicing the skill for an extended period hence they understand precisely how the market operates. BCC is one of the best financial corporations that provides support to clients who have subscribed to its services. The business is closely associated with the production of commercial planes, and Security Space Defense. The Corporation helps its customers to raise the required finance that will enable them to purchase and transfer Boeings products to their promises successfully. By the end of 2015, the company had earned a value of about four billion dollars. BCC has managed to achieve its success basically by incorporating its power of finance and its extensive network, therefore, enabling it to reach customers who are not only located in the United States but all over the World. Equipment or Aircraft For very many years, Boeing has been one of the major companies involved in the manufacture of commercial airplanes that are used in most countries. Its line of products is usually preferred by many clients simply because they are of high quality. Currently, the company can manufacture many commercial airplane versions which include Boeing 747, 743, 777,767 and finally the 787. These are in the range of the biggest commercial airplanes produced by Boeing. Other products that are still in the production line include the Boeing 777X, 737 Max, and the 787-10 Dreamliner. With each version of him Boeing, various characteristics are continually changed, and one of the most important aspects is the size which is steadily increasing for each version. Since the company started production of the Boeing line of products, it has managed to avail into the market about ten thousand commercial jets in the whole world which make about half of the fleet of the total airplanes that have ever been prod uced by any company. Additionally, the company provides cargo-carrying airplanes, which make up ninety percent of the total cargo planes in the world. The company offers its client with Commercial Aviation Services. By doing this, the company can provide unmatched all year support services to its customers which enable most of the airline companies and also the leasing companies that have subscribed to the company services to achieve operational efficiency. The Commercial Aviation Services department helps to provide aftermarket parts, modification, informations logistics services, engineering, and customer care support services. Other services provided include overhauled services, repair, and maintenance labor (Wen, 2003). Maintenance Requirements The Shared Services Corporation provides Boeing business units associated with a common pool of services so as to help in supporting the worldwide operations of the company. The shared services are of a wide variety, and they range from the maintenance and protection of Boeings international sites, Sales management, and acquisition of any property that may have been leased. The corporation is also involved in the purchasing of products that are not necessarily used in the production process and other office equipment supplies. Various human resource services which also include the recruitment of new employees are some of the services that are offered by this corporation to Boeing. Finally, Shared Services Corporation Actively participates in the management of Boeings financial matters, any expenses that may be incurred by the company as a result of travels to and from various destinations, and in availing communication services that have been customized (Holsapple, 2000). The Site Se rvices Corporation also offers Boeing with the maintenance and repairs services, reals estate management, planning of the manner in which property will be acquired, and finally the process of implementing projects that involve the construction of structures (Saraph et al 1989). Managers Roles and Responsibilities All the activities that are typically undertaken in Boeings offices are finalized by the company employees, corporation officers, and managers with the help and guidance of the Board of Directors together with Chief Executive Officers. The organizations corporate governance policies and practices are typically reviewed continuously by the organization committee. The Board of directors and the corporations officers have a long-term interest in the company. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the corporation clients, public officials, employees, suppliers, surrounding communities, and shareholders gain positively out of the operations of the organization. On top of that, the Board has managed to develop its own Code of Ethics that helps in the conducting the daily activities of the corporation so that they are in line with the various legal stipulations (Zahra, 1989). Having these regulations helps the company to continually stay on the right track as they deal with the different ethical issues that arise within the business premises as a result of the operations being carried out by various employees. Through the use of the code of ethics, the company is also able to enhance the mechanisms that already exist within the organizations and can help in reporting cases of unethical behavior occurring as this plays a crucial role in ensuring that a culture of accountability and honesty is enforced within the company premises (Pronovost et al, 2009). Staff Qualifications, Certifications, and Responsibilities Within the Shared Services Corporation, Boeing constitutes has a percentage of shares since it has employed approximately forty thousand employees who are responsible for availing about forty types of unique services all day long throughout the year. The Sites services have a bee assigned a budget of about three billion dollars which is specifically meant for the operations services. By doing this, the company can leverage scale economies so as to enable the delivery of value-added services to clients and its business partners who are involved in the manufacture and provision of defense and security and additionally the commercial airplanes that need to be availed to the company (Waldron, 2006). The company has it corporate offices located in Chicago, and it has managed to employ over one hundred and fifty employees within the United States and sixty-five more countries. The companys continued existence is a reflection of its diversity and ease in adapting to the changing market conditions such that it can last for a very long time. Additionally, one important factor that supports the continuous positive progress of the company is the fact that it has a very innovative and hardworking workforce. Our business continues to outsource more of the talented youth in the world so that they can join its workforce and continue to make it rise higher. The company does not necessarily look for academic qualification so that it can employ an individual, but rather, it explores the various ways that it can use the talent of individuals to encourage innovation in the society. Regulations and Laws The various operations of the company are guided by different by-laws that regulate the manner in which meetings will be carried out by the board of directors and various stakeholders to ensure inclusive of all parties that are interested in the operations and management of the company (Berkes, 2000). According to the laws of the company, the Annual General Meeting is supposed to be held on a particular date and time that is precisely determined by the board of directors. During such meetings, the leaders will be elected, and any other significant business transactions that need to be addressed also have to be discussed during such meetings. The board of directors has the power to call a meeting with all the stakeholders at any time that it wishes to do so. Also, in case the Secretary makes a special request for a meeting, then the board of directors is supposed to summon all the stakeholders for the meeting. The secretary can only write a special request for a meeting when there is a need to undertake an election so as to dispose of about 25% of shares held by the company. For such a request, each of the stakeholders provides a signature stating the number of shares that they own. Any business that is transacted in the course of a particular meeting is only supposed to be limited to the purpose for which the meeting was called upon, and it should not deviate to any other general matters. Any meetings that are held together with the stakeholders shall be conducted within specified premises as directed by the board of directors or as it is indicated in notices. However, there is a default location in which the meetings should be held. Notice of any meeting that should be held will be availed to stakeholders through any suitable methods but most specifically mail or an electronic transmission option. All Stakeholders have the right to vote at any meeting called forth. They also have the right to express any form of dissatisfaction towards any actions that may have been taken by the board of directors without the need of having to wait until a meeting is held (Delmas Toffel, 2004). Safety Security The shared services organization provides Boeing with various specialized services. For instance, it is responsible for offering the company with international insurance services that cover the company in case of the occurrence of a risk factor. The Shared Services is responsible for ensuring that the Security maintenance at all Boeing premises is at the highest level possible. Any premise associated with Boeing should be fully protected and most importantly the information that helps to support the continuous operation of the business. Any other risk mitigation measures should be fully installed to prevent an occurrence of damage to the company property (Tipton, 2012). The Defense, Security and Space Corporation is very diverse since it avails most advanced solutions to the market which can be used in the designing, production process, customization and offering support to clients who purchase rotorcrafts, satellite systems, weapons and fixed wings military aircraft. The organization is involved in providing clients with solutions to some of the major customer requirements by availing a full range portfolio which incorporates the 702 model of satellites. Some other defense products include the AH-64 helicopter, EA-18G aircraft that is electronics and is mostly used to attack enemies, KC-46 refueling planes, P-8 anti-aircraft/ submarine atropine (derived from the 737 commercial airliners). This organization is motivated by its capability to offer clients custom-made solutions that can address customers needs adequately and promptly and at the most suitable cost. Apart from producing products that are designed to be used by clients, this unit is responsible for the general management of security within all branches associated with Boeing. This is an operation cost reduction method since the company managers decided that it would be wise to use the services its own business units in the provision of security rather than make use of a different business organization that would only end up increasing the operation costs (Kaplan Norton, 1996). Environmental Responsibilities Working with stakeholders is important since it helps to ensure that activities that enhance environmental conservation are promoted. Due to its growth, Boeing targets to be a leader in promoting a sustainable environment as it also strives to provide its employees with the best services that can be availed in the industry. The three top tenets that Boeing aims to address are; encouraging worldwide collaboration in environmental conservation, design the future in a sustainable manner and finally coming up with sustainable innovations (Selin, 1995). The company intends to avail the best and most fuel-efficient planes in the industry. Also, it plans to provide highest quality services to its customers. All this will be achieved through; ensuring that it complies with various environmental regulations as it conducts its daily operations. Boeing has also come up with its policies and procedures that can help to ensure that environmental conservation is enhanced. Preventing environmental pollution through conservation of energy resources as this will contribute to the reduction of the levels of waste that gets disposed of by researching on the various mitigation measures. The company has managed to develop a management system that will help in improving the state of the environment both for the current and future generation through the reduction of waste that is normally released into the environment (Born, 1995). Other Management Factors Considered The Company is organized into three major business units. They are; Defense, outer space security department, and the Commercial production and supply unit. The whole company is majorly supported by a corporation known as Boeing Capital which is the primary provider of financial solutions to all the company branches worldwide (Probst, 2004). This financial firm also helps to finance other businesses that may have subscribed to its services. Other Corporations involved in supporting the major units at the company include Shared Services Organization (it avails some services to all the company branches), Boeing Engineering, Operations and Technology (this organization helps to create, purchase, implement and provide protection to the various innovations that are developed at Boeings premises) (Council, 2007). The business and finance organization is responsible for offering shared services in accounting, cost management, and financial management. The agency is responsible for providin g account payroll/payable functions to all business units associated with Boeing (Jensen, 1997). References Berkes, F., Folke, C., Colding, J. (2000). Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. Cambridge University Press. Born, S. M., Sonzogni, W. C. (1995). Integrated environmental management: strengthening the conceptualization. Environmental management, 19(2), 167-181. Council, A. C. G. (2007). Corporate governance principles and recommendations. Boeing: Shared Services. Boeing.Com, 2017, http://www.boeing.com/company/key-orgs/ssg.page. Delmas, M., Toffel, M. W. (2004). Stakeholders and environmental management practices: an institutional framework. Business strategy and the Environment, 13(4), 209-222. Holsapple, C. W., Joshi, K. D. (2000). An investigation of factors that influence the management of knowledge in organizations. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9(2), 235-261. Jensen, R. S. (1997). The boundaries of aviation psychology, human factors, aeronautical decision making, situation awareness, and crew resource management. The international journal of aviation psychology, 7(4), 259-267. Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Probst, T. M. (2004). Safety and insecurity: exploring the moderating effect of organizational safety climate. Journal of occupational health psychology, 9(1), 3. Pronovost, P. J., Goeschel, C. A., Olsen, K. L., Pham, J. C., Miller, M. R., Berenholtz, S. M., Loeb, J. M. (2009). Reducing health care hazards: lessons from the commercial aviation safety team. Health Affairs, 28(3), w479-w489. Saraph, J. V., Benson, P. G., Schroeder, R. G. (1989). An instrument for measuring the critical factors of quality management. Decision sciences, 20(4), 810-829. Selin, S., Chevez, D. (1995). Developing a collaborative model for environmental planning and management. Environmental management, 19(2), 189-195. Tipton, H. F., Nozaki, M. K. (2012). Information Security Management Handbook, Volume 6. Auerbach Publications. Waldron, J. (2006). Safety and security. Neb. L. Rev., 85, 454. Wen, T. A. N. G., Zhong, C. H. E. N. (2003). Research of subjective trust management model based on the fuzzy set theory. Journal of software, 14(8), 1401-1408. Zahra, S. A., Pearce, J. A. (1989). Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrative model. Journal of management, 15(2), 291-334.

Sioux Indians Essay -- American History

Sioux Indians We're going to tell you about a tribe of Indians known as the Sioux Indians. The Sioux Indians lived on the great plains. The Sioux's tribe is partially and fully located in 7 states. The states are known as Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Their natural resources include deer, beans, wild rice, and buffalo. The Sioux nation was divided into 7 groups. They were known as the 7 council fires. Each council fire had its own leaders and own group of families that always camped together. The largest Council Fire lived on the western plains. It was so big it was divided into 7 groups. It was called the Teton Sioux. They spoke the Lakota dialect of the Sioux language. Two councils lived on the middle plains, they were called Yankton Sioux. The language they spoke was the Nakota dialect of the Sioux language. The other Council Fires lived on the plains in the east. The name that they called themselves was Santee Sioux. The dialect that they spoke was the Dakota dialect of the Sioux language. The councils lived far away from each other, but they could understand each other's dialect. The families in each council fire met once a year , during the summer. When they met they shared news and traded things they had gotten from other tribes. They gave gifts away at special feats that were c alled giveaways. They also played ball games and raced horses. It was time to give thanks for the past year , and ask for help in the new year. They did this by taking part in a Sun Dance. The Sioux never camped in one place for very long. They were nomads and moved their camps to follow the buffalo and to find fresh grass for their ponies. Because of this they lived i... ... The plate was sometimes made out of buffalo horn hair pipes. The Sioux were also excellent riders. They trained their horses well and fast. The horses allowed the men to move quickly in battle and out of danger. As time passed, the Sioux traded with Europeans for guns. They became excellent marksmen. Sitting Bull was a well respected medicine man, and later became a chief. He led the Sioux through many battles. One of the most famous was called the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Sitting Bull believed the Ghost Dance would unite the Sioux. He encouraged his people to perform the dance. The U.S. government banned the dance and Sitting Bull was arrested and then killed. The Sioux Indians had very interesting traits and still live on reservations in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Minnesota. The reservations have about 106,500 members.

Essay --

ResearchTopic: Increased incidence of pressure ulcer cases. Researchable problem: What are the reasons for increases rate of pressure ulcers in WMW that is unknown? Problem statement: What are the effects of increased pressure ulcers on patient over the disease they were admitted for? Purpose: To determine the impact of increased rate of pressure ulcers to patients in Women’s Medical Ward in Labasa hospital. A Four- step Approach: What factors influence pressure ulcer patients that will enhance on mobility and self-care? What is the relationship between pressure ulcer and mobility? Will self-care and mobility decrease the number and severity of pressure ulcer patients? How can emotional support be used to mediate the suffering of patients with pressure ulcers? A Two-stage Approach: Who is the patient’s most suffering from pressure ulcers? What causes the risk having pressure ulcers? When do patients are prone to have and where do most pressure ulcers occur? Why do patients suffer from increased pressure ulcers? Refined Problem Statement: What are the effects and risk factors to have increased rate of pressure ulcers on patient ? Hypothesis: Increased incidence of pressure ulcers among immobilizing patient than mobilizing patient in Women’s Medical Ward. Pressure ulcer is defined as damage to the underlying tissue due to lesion caused by unrelieved pressure. In this there are reasons for pressure ulcers occurring hence the risk factors the adverse effects to pressure ulcer. Literature review 1 Causes of pressure ulcers Citation: Workman, B. A., & Bennett, C. L. (2003). Key nursing skills. UK: Bell and Bain ltd, 85-87 In this study the researcher examined about the third problem arising in a patient that was studied upo... ...is, decubitus ulcers with systemic. To relief of pressure and reduce the susceptibility of pressure ulcers due to circulatory interference with the arterial blood supply or venous return. By changing the patient’s position frequently, as often as every 2 hours.To reduce constant pressure on a body part. To maintain the skin integrity dressings are to be changed frequently to prevent damage to the skin. As it is discussed due to immobility of patient is one of the risk factor of this complication together with poor nutrition status hence protecting the skin from damage and managing the incontinence as well as proper diet and nutrition is discussed as an early intervention as one of the preventative measures rather than suffering the consequences .In this due to immobility is accentuated as one of the most paramount factors relating to development of pressure sores.

The Lynas Fact Sheet

The Lynas Fact Sheet Note: This Fact Sheet is updated regularly. The last update was made on 2nd June 2011 Rare Earths 1. Despite their name, rare earth elements are relatively plentiful in the earth's crust 2. 3. but are more difficult to mine and extract than many other metals because of their chemical properties and geographical dispersion, making them relatively more expensive to extract. Rare earth metals are used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products including catalytic converters, wind turbines, hybrid car batteries, disk drives, mobile phones, and flat screen displays.Worldwide demand for rare earths is increasing rapidly and is expected to outstrip supply in the future. China currently produces about 97% of the world's supply. Rare Earths & Radioactivity 1. The extraction of rare earths raises a number of environmental and safety concerns 2. 3. 4. because the ore in which rare earths are found are often associated with minerals containing radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium. Health and safety issues that need to be addressed include radiation protection for workers, the public and the environment, the transportation of raw materials nd the management of waste. Human beings are exposed to very small levels of radioactivity in everyday life. Thorium, for example, is naturally present in soil, rocks, ground and surface water, plants and animals in very low concentrations. Ingestion of food and water containing this level of radioactivity does not pose any threat to human health. The radiation exposure limit set by AELB for the public is 1 mSv/year. The annual radiation exposure, in millisieverts (mSv)/year, in a number of daily human activities is as follows: i. Smoking a pack of cigarettes daily 0. 0 mSv ii. Medical or dental x-day 0. 39 mSv iii. Sleeping next to someone for 8 hours 0. 02 mSv iv. Watching television 2 hours daily 0. 01 mSv v. Using a computer terminal 0. 001 mSv (Source: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 1982, 1993, 2000; United Nations Environment Protection Agency; US Department of Energy; Health Physics Society) The Lynas Project 1. Lynas Malaysia Sdn Bhd (Lynas) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lynas Corporation 2. Ltd of Australia . Its business is the production and sale of rare earths and related byproducts.Lynas plans to import rare earth ore from its Mount Weld mine in Western Australia, 3. 4. truck it to the port of Fremantle , send it by container ship to Kuantan, and process it at the Gebeng Industrial Estate in Pahang. At Gebeng, the Lynas plant will extract Rare Earths from the ore for export. Lynas says waste from the extraction process will be used to produce commercially applicable products or stored in safe and secure containers. Lynas says it chose to locate its plant at the Gebeng site because of: i. Its proximity to Kuantan port ii.The availability of gas, water and chemical supplies iii. The availability of skilled workers Manufactur ing License 1. On 22 January 2008, Lynas was granted a manufacturing licence to produce â€Å"rare 2. earth oxides and carbonates† at Gebeng Industrial Estate, Kuantan. The approval was granted subject to a number of conditions, in particular, the need to comply with the provisions of the: i. Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 ii. Environmental Quality Act 1974. Compliance Requirements 1. The Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 is administered by the Atomic Energy 2. 3. Licensing Board (AELB).Among other things, the AELB monitors and assesses the radiological impact of the Lynas project through all stages of construction and operation. This includes matters relating to radiation protection (occupational, public and environmental), safety, waste management, transportation, decommissioning and remediation. The Department of Environment (DOE) is the implementing agency for the Environmental Quality Act 1974. The Act governs issues related to the prevention, abatement and control of p ollution and enhancement of the environment (other than radioactive material and radioactive waste).The safety standards and good practice requirements enforced by the two regulatory bodies are similar to or equivalent to those recognised internationally. Compliance status 1. Lynas began planning and construction of its plant at Gebeng Industrial Estate, 2. Pahang soon after obtaining its manufacturing licence. In April 2011, the company announced that construction had reached the 40% stage and was on target for completion by September, 2011. The AELB confirms that Lynas has complied with all health and safety standards required of the company to date.A site licence and a construction licence have been issued accordingly. The next stage in the multi-tiered approval process requires Lynas to apply to the AELB for a pre-operating licence. To date, the company has not made a submission to the AELB for this purpose. Upon receiving a pre-operating licence, the company will then be requir ed to apply for and obtain an operating licence before it can commence full operations. 3. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report on the project was approved by 4. 5. the Department of Environment on 15 February 2008.The Department confirms that Lynas has complied with all requirements of the EIA approval to date. The Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA) conducted by the Nuklear Malaysia affirms that operation of the proposed Lynas plant would not pose any radiological risk to workers and members of the public living in the areas surrounding the site beyond what is allowed by the regulatory authorities. Nuklear Malaysia also affirms that the projected radiation exposure levels in the Lynas plant for workers (average of 2 mSv/yr) and members of the public (0. 02 mSv/yr) are within the limits set by AELB. Decision to appoint Independent Panel of International Experts 1. On 22 April, 2011, however, following widespread public concern about the safety of 2. the project, the Go vernment announced a decision to appoint an independent panel of international experts to review all health and safety aspects of the project.Pending completion of this review, the Government also decided that: i. No pre-operating license will be issued to Lynas by AELB. ii. There will be no importation of raw materials for the plant from Australia. ii. A review will be undertaken to ensure that construction of the facility at the site fully complies with national and international safety standards. Independent Panel of International Experts 1. In late April 2011, the Government approached the International Atomic Energy 2. 3. Agency (IAEA) in Vienna , Austria , for assistance to appoint an expert team to: i. Review Lynas' compliance with relevant International Safety Standards and Good Practices, and ii. Provide an independent expert opinion on safety issues, in particular, those relating to radiation safety.The scope of the review included: i. Radiation protection (workplace, publ ic, environment) ii. Safety assessment iii. Waste Management iv. Transportation v. Decommissioning and environmental remediation On 13 May, 2011, the Government announced details of the IAEA-appointed panel. The panel consists of a leader and nine members: four from the IAEA, and five from IAEA member countries. All panel members are recognised experts in their respective 4. 5. 6. 7. disciplines and have knowledge of IAEA standards, in particular, those relating to rare earth processing.Details of individual members of the panel The expert panel began the on-site component of its work on 29 May 2011. During its six-day visit, the panel has scheduled to meet with government officials and representatives of Lynas, and receive representations from members of the public, including residents, community associations, non-governmental organisations and professional bodies. The panel is scheduled to complete its work and submit its report to the Government by 30 June 2011. The Government ha s announced that the report will be made public.